Pengertian kata "cabinet/ kabinet" dalam ilmu politik

Cabinet. Merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk menunjuk satu badan pelaksana atau pembantu yang berada di bawah pimpinan pihak kepala pemerintahan yaitu pihak eksekutif. Dalam hal ini pihak eksekutif merupakan perdana mentri secara parlementer ataupun presiden secara presidensial.

Cabinet yang ada dalam pimpinan pihak eksekutif ditunjuk dalam rangka untuk membantu pimpinan eksekutif dalam melaksanakn perundang-undangan yang dibentuk oleh pihak legislatif. Selain itu, cabinet tersebut membantu kepala pemerintahan untuk mengelola negara dengan tujuan-tujuan yang telah disepakati. Oleh karena itu, karena kabinet bersifat membantu dan diberikan wewenang oleh kepala pemerintahan, kabinet bertanggung jawab terhadap kepala pemerintahan.

Susunan cabinet terdiri dari beberapa orang yang menjabat di bidang masing-masing, seperti bidang luar negri, dalam negri, hukum, sosial, kesejahteraan rakyat, pendidikan, ekonomi, keuangan dan lain sebagainya. Orang-orang yang menjabat bidang-bidang tersebut dikatakan dengan sebutan mentri atau dalam bahasa inggris minister atau secretary of. Dari sekian banyak para mentri tersebut ada yang membawahi departemen ada juga yang tidak membawahi departemen.

Pengertian behavioral approach, beleid, bellum omnium contra omnes, benevolent despots, bengkok

Behavioral Approach, salah satu pendekatan dalam ilmu politik yang memandang tingkah-laku politik lebih menjadi fokus utama daripada lembaga-lembaga politik atau kekuasaan ataupun keyakinan politik. Pendekatan tingkah laku ini muncul dalam masa sesudah perang dunia II, khususnya dalam dekade lima puluhan sebagai gerakan pembaharuan yang ingin meningkatkan mutu ilmu politik.

Beleid, adalah suatu kumpulan keputusan yang diambil oleh seorang pelaku atau oleh sekelompok politik dalam usaha memilih tujuan-tujuan dan cara-cara untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Pada umumnya, pihak yang membuat kebijaksanaan (beleid) tersebut sekaligus mempunyai kekuasaan untuk melaksanakannya.

Bellum Omnium Contra Omnes, teori Thomas Hobbes untuk menggambarkan pahamnya tentang keadaan alamiah atau keadaan sebelum ada negara. Dalam keadaan ini manusia saling bermusuhan, berada terus menerus dalam keadaan perang yang satu melawan yang lain, perang antara semua melawan semua (belum omnium contra omnes). Perang yang dimaksudkan di sini bukan diartikan perang yang terorganisir, akan tetapi hanyalah keadaan yang saling bermusuhan secara terus menerus antara individu yang satu dengan individu yang lainnya.

Benevolent Despots, sebutan bagi raja-raja yang memerintah secara baik, kendatipun menggunakan sistem kerajaan mutlak.

Bengkok, sebidang sawah atau tegal milik desa yang disediakan bagi pamong desa sebagai imbalan pengabdiannya kepada desa.

Defenisi dari Bargaining, Barisan Benteng, Basic Institutions, Bataafse Republiek dan Batige Sloten Politiek

Bargaining. Yaitu pelaksanaan perjanjian mengenai pertukaran barang-barang dan jasa-jasa antara dua organisasi atau lebih.

Barisan Benteng. Suatu organisasi yang didirikan oleh golongan nasionalis yang dimaksudkan untuk menandingi PUTERA (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat) yang didirikan oleh Pemerintahan Jepang di masa perjuangan kemerdekaan republik indonesia. Barisan benteng dipimpin oleh Departemen pemuda dari asrama angkatan baru indonesia yang berkedudukan di menteng 31 jakarta. Di kemudian hari, barisan benteng ini dibubarkan oleh kenpetai (polisi militer jepang).

Basic Institutions. Suatu lembaga kemasyarakatan yang sangat penting untuk memelihara dan mempertahankan tata tertib dalam masyarakat. Keluarga, sekolah ataupun negara bisa dipandang sebagai basic institutions.

Bataafse Republiek. Gabungan antara berbagai provinsi di Belanda. Diduduki oleh perancis dalam masa perang revolusioner perancis dan oleh napoleon dihadiahkan kepada saudaranya louis yang kemudian dikenal sebagai republik pada tahun 1806.

Batige Sloten Politiek. Politik mengejar saldo untung yang diperkenalkan oleh daendels untuk memperoleh keuntungan yang sebanyak-banyaknya dari indonesia bagi keperluan keuangan pemerintahan kolonial belanda. Berdasar pada batige sloten politiek itulan van den bosch mengenalkan sistem baru yang terkenal dengan cultuurstelsel.

Pengertian dan Penjelasan dari beberapa istilah ilmu politik

Banner. Istilah yang dikenal dalam per-suratkabaran yang menunjuk pada judul berita yang dicetak dengan huruf-huruf besar dan panjang yang biasanya ditempatkan di atas halaman.

Bapekan. Kependekan dari Badan Pengawas Kegiatan Aparatur Negara. Suatu lembaga negara republik Indonesia yang dibentuk untuk mengawasi kegiatan aparatur negara, baik resmi maupun tidak, guna menjamin efisiensi kerja yang maksimal. Badan ini didirikan pada bulan Agustus 1959 dengan penetapan presiden, dan dibubarkan oleh presiden sendiri pada bulan mei tahun 1962.

Bappenas atau Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. Suatu badan yang dibentuk untuk menyusun rencana pembangunan tahunan maupun jangka panjang untuk seluruh wilayah indonesia, dan menilai serta mengawasi pelaksanaan dan penyempurnaan pola pembangunan nasional semesta berencana. Dibentuk oleh Presiden Soekarno dengan Penetapan Presiden No. 12/1963, dan pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Soeharto badan ini berperan bear dalam menyusun REPELITA maupun PELITA.

Bargaining. Yaitu pelaksanaan perjanjian mengenai pertukaran barang-barang dan jasa-jasa antara dua organisasi atau lebih.

Barisan Banteng. Suatu organisasi yang didirikan oleh golongan nasionalis yang dimaksudkan untuk menandingi PUTERA (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat) yang didirikan oleh Pemerintah bala tentara jepang. Barisan banteng dipimpin oleh Departemen Pemuda dari Asrama Angkatan Baru Indonesia yang berkedudukan di Menteng 31 Jakarta. Di kemutian hari, barisan banteng ini dibubarkan oleh Kenpetai (Polisi Militer Jepang).

Some defenition from History political events

Balance of Power. A doctrine which ensures ideal distribution of power among the members of the international community, in order to avoid a nation becomes more powerful compared to other countries, giving rise to the tendency to use force against another group or nation. In this sense the balance of power has existed since the fifteenth century. The doctrine has become the most important principle governing relations between sovereign nations that accompanied the struggles in Europe in the sixteenth century between Francis I of France, Charles V of Spain, and Henry VIII of England. 

Europe is the center of balance of the world until the end of World War I, during which Europe began to loose power. After the second world war, the United States and the Soviet Union began to develop as the two poles of world power. New developments taking place, in which China is also growing as a new nuclear power, as Europeans began to determine the balance of power in today. 

Bali Dharma Laksana. A national movement organization in Bali that developed in the period before World War I. As for the goal of the organization is to improve education for the sons and daughters of Bali. Siri Mavoratwatte He Bandaranaike. Is the name of the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, who served in 1960-1965, also was the first female head of government in modern history. Born to a wealthy and educated family S. Bridget's Convent Colombo. In 1940 married to Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike who became prime minister of Sri Lanka from 1956 until the time of the killing in 1959. Although Sirimavo Bandaranaike did not hold political posts before, he was appointed prime minister on 21 July 1960, after he emerged as a prominent figure in the Sri Lanka Freedom Party founded by her husband. Main lines is continuing her husband's political reign. Down from office in 1965 after his party's defeat in the general election. 

Bandung Conference. Also known as the Asian-African conference, the conference of 29 countries of Asia and Africa, which was held in London on 18-24 August 1955. And the purpose of the conference is to seek consensus on issues related to colonialism, racism, economic development and world peace. The results of this conference is to put forward Bandung Declaration. 

Bangkok Declaration. It is a few people who for community service background equations then constitute a nation.

Pengertian dari Awig-Awig, Axis Power, Ayuthia, Babisme dan Babander

Awig Awig, ialah anggaran rumah tangga desa yang memuat tentang hak-hak desa, susunan pemerintahan desa serta struktur organisasi desa. Awig-awig ini khusus berlaku di desa-desa di Bali.

Axis Powers. Salah satu bentuk koalisi Negara dalam Perang Dunia II. Dimulai dengan pakta Italia dan Jerman yang ditandatangani pada tanggal 25 Oktober 1936 dan terkenal dengan sebutan Rome-Berlin Axis. Koalisi ini kemudian mengembang kepada Negara-negara yang menandatangani pakta Anti Komintern, yaitu Jerman, Jepang, Italia, Spanyol, Hungaria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finlandia, Rumania dan Pemerintahan Slovakia, Croatia, Manchukuo dan rezim nanking. Axis ini berakhir pada masa Perang Dunia kedua.

Ayuthia. Sebuah kota di muangthai selatan yang terletak di tepi sungai menam. Antara tahun 1350-1767 Ayuthia menjadi ibukota siam.

Babisme. Merupakan suatu aliran agama yang berkembang di Iran pada abad kesembilanbelas. Dipelopori oleh Mirza Ali Mohammad pada tahun 1843 yang mengangkat dirinya sebagai Bab ed-Din, yang bisa diartikan sebagai pintu gerbang iman. Bab ed-Din, bahkan menyatakan dirinya sebagai pengganti Nabi Musa AS, Nabi Isa AS dan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Bab ed-Din memimpin pemberontakan yang bisa ditindas pada tahun 1848 untuk akhirnya dihukum mati pada tahun 1850. Perjuangan babisme kemudian dilanjutkan oleh para pengikut bahaisme.

Babander. Merupakan tempat persembunyian raja Majapahit Jayanegara ketika istananya diserang dan diduduki oleh Kuti pada tahun 1319.

Defenitions of Autistic, Autokratie, Autoritarism, Aux mains du peuple and AWA

Autistic. Something that has to do with how the properties or proceeds think subjectively. 

Autokratie. A form of government in which state power is in the hands of one person running it with no power limited by the power of the other. 

Autoritarisme. Centralization of governmental power in the hands or on a small group that did the state government without being responsible to the people. 

Aux mains du peuple. The term meaning the highest form of The Power is in the hands of the people. 

AWA or Algemene Werknemers Associatie. Is the class of the Dutch labor movement which was formed as an agency of the government employees union and a private in 1947. Unlike the labor movements of the nation Indonesia, the Dutch group's labor movement fought tooth and nail to restore the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. 

Defenitions Aurangzeb, Australia-New Zealand Pact, Auteursrecht, Authority Relationship, Autism

Aurangzeb (Living in the year 1618 to 1707). Moghul emperor is the year 1658. An adherent of the religion of Islam are very devout, but who managed to occupy the highest power to get rid of his brothers and imprisoned his father. Thanks to its military strength, Moghul controlled a vast area.

Australia-New Zealand Pact. Agreement between Australia and New Zealand signed in 1944 in which the two countries agreed to take responsibility for the Pacific region from attack another country or outside influences.

Auteursrecht. It is a rule that governs the rights of every citizen.

Authority Relationship. It is a form of relationship between the members of an organization that is determined by the authority and responsibility for each party.

Autism. It is a term that means the thinking process is very subjective. This way of thinking tends to produce unnatural acts, not in accordance with the fact that the world around them.

Eight principles contained in the atlantic charter

• None of the atlantic charter signatory states to take or expand territories due to the Second World War.
• No changes will be held territory except those resulting from the process of self-determination of a nation.
• Sovereignty and self-rule a country or guaranteed to be protected from the possibility of coercion that comes from other countries.
• All countries, whether winning or losing the war, will have an equal footing in trade relations or in other fields.
• International cooperation will be further developed to enhance economic development and social welfare for all nations.
• Security in the territory of a country, and freedom from fear will be provided to all people of all nation-states.
• Seas will be region free for all countries.
• The use of violence will be stopped.

Defenitions of Asyl, Counsellor or Attache, Atheism, Atlantic Charter, Aukflarung

Asyl. Also called right of asylum or protection rights. This right is owned by the state to be given to foreign nationals who obviously need protection from the demands of his own country soul. For example, a political criminal or rebel because it will be prosecuted by the state and then seek asylum or protection to a foreign embassy to the pursuit of the local state apparatus.

Counsellor or Attache. A person who is placed in one foreign country to serve something the task. For example, the military attaché or cultural attaché.

Atheism. Derived from the Greek which means no A theos meaning God. As such it is nothing but atheism is a doctrine that in this world there really is not anything supernatural beings. In other words, atheism is understood that not believing in God.

Atlantic Charter. Peace program proposed by U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill at their meeting in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean on August 14, 1941. The principles embodied in the Atlantic Charter is to create a new and better world after the tyranny of the Nazis in World War II. These principles became part of the UN declaration in January 1942.

Aukflarung. The German term meaning Bright Age, is a school of thought that developed in the eighteenth century in Europe who are rationalists tend to scientific thinking. The flow is supported by the writings of Diderot, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Hume, Thomas Paine and his contemporaries thinkers. In English terms, aufklarung known as enlightenment.

Defenition of Aspac, Assabiyah, Assassination, Assembly Government, Assigned Status

Aspac or Asian Pacific Council. is an institution founded in the city of Seoul South Korea on 15 June 1966. Aiming to conduct cooperation in economy and culture in order to protect the countries in Asia Pacific from the danger of communism. This organization consists of Australia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, New Zealand, Taiwan, South Vietnam.

Assabiyah. The term in Arabia were mean spirited tribal strictly followed by the Arabs.

Assassination. Shocking murder or assault with a sudden, especially to political figures held for political purposes, is based on personal or religious motives. Killings figures is happening all the time and not limited to a particular form of government. Among the victims of this murder is Julius Caesar, Abraham Lincoln, Leon Trotsky, Gandhi, Liaquat Ali Khan, John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Robert F. Kennedy, Tom Mboya and others.

Assembly Government. It is a system of government in which the representative body of the people have a very prominent role, which includes all of the powers that be in the country. For example, what was done in the Soviet Union, where formally the Supreme Soviet (Council of Representatives of the Soviet Union) is a tool of power supreme and not only has the legislative power, but also the executive and judicial powers. Nevertheless, keep in mind that the real power was in the hands of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Assigned status. It is a position that earned on delivery. This happens because of a group or provide a higher position to a person who has been credited with fighting for something to meet the needs and interests of the community. The position could also be because someone has long occupied a certain rank.

9 ASEAN Declaration on August 8, 1967

Asean Declaration which is a shared commitment and a founding ASEAN member countries. The declaration essentially stated:

Regional cooperation was named ASEAN or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Conference ministerial-level ASEAN foreign ministers held annually in rotation in the capital of the member countries.

The organization aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia society in achieving a prosperous and peaceful.

Encouraging active cooperation to achieve peace and stability with the respect of justice, rule of law and the relationship between the state adhere to the principles of the UN charter.

Inclusion in the preamble that all foreign bases in the region of Southeast Asia is temporary and is only there because the countries concerned so desires. The foreign bases are not used for national independence and freedom overthrow countries in Southeast Asia, either directly or indirectly, and not to interfere with the order of the national development of each country.

The new regional cooperation on the basis of the same spirit of high position and partnership.

As a complement to the mechanism of the organization established a standing committee under the chairmanship of secretary of state in which it is a standing committee, with members consisting of the ambassadors of the countries members. In addition it also formed an Ad Hoc Committees and Permanent Committees for specific areas and the national secretariat in each country as the executor of the daily organization and prepare the annual meetings of the foreign ministers, the trial court or even Permanent Committees Standing Committees.

Asean open chance for countries that are geographically located in areas of Southeast Asia.

Standing Committee in charge of running the organization's work for a period of two annual conferences.

Social Economy Political Terminology with meaning

ASEAN or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. It is the regional cooperation in the economic, social and culture between the countries of Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand Philippines. Established by the Declaration of ASEAN country which formulated in a trial in Bangkok on August 8, 1967. ASEAN names proposed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia at the moment is Adam Malik after the previous proposal was rejected by the court, namely SEAARC or abbreviation of Southeast Asian Association for Cooperation Regional. The Association was established on the initiative of Indonesia.

ASEAN Declaration. A communication or commitment between ASEAN founding countries in the trial realization Bangsaen establishment of ASEAN in Bangkok on August 8, 1967.

Asean Fet. A private foundations and non-political nature and not related to the ASEAN organization. Fet ASEAN is engaged in the Fairs, Exhibition, and Tourism.

Asia Minor. Areas of the peninsula at the western end of Asia. Bounded by the Black Sea, the Bosphorus, the Sea of ​​Marmora, Dardanela Strait to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. Anatolia is also another name of Asia Minor.

Assimilation. A process in which two or more people or groups to consciously adapt to one another in the bond of cultures, or are trying to achieve a social unity, or are trying to achieve a social unity, equality and mutual participation identify each other . Judging from the aspect of cultural assimilation concept refers to the merged business or merge various procedures, behaviors, attitudes, feelings, ideals or values. Being from a social point, the concept of assimilation refers to the contact and bears a strong resemblance of two or more people or groups in the community structure were worth, with no one to feel apart. But all mutually identified himself as a social unit.

7 Principles of the National Development Outline of State Policy in the Period of Soeharto

The principle of benefit. Is that all the effort and development activities should be utilized for the greater humanity, for the improvement of the welfare of the people and for the personal development of citizens.

 
The principle of the joint venture and Kinship. Is that the attainment of the ideals and aspirations of the nation should be a joint effort of the nation and all the people who made ​​the mutual help and animated by the spirit of kinship.

 
The principle of democracy. Democracy is based on Pancasila, which includes the fields of political, social and economic, as well as in solving national problems trying as far as possible the path of deliberation to reach consensus.

 
The principle of fair and cloudy. Is that the results achieved by the material and spiritual development should be enjoyed equally by all nations, and that every citizen shall enjoy the fruits of development are necessary for human worth and value-for- bhakti dharma rendered to the nation .

 
The principle of Livelihoods in the balance. Is a balance between the interests, between the interests of the mundane and the next, between the material and spiritual interests, the interests of both mind and body, between the individual and society, between the interests of the life of the land, sea and air as well as between national and international interests.

 
Principle Legal awareness. Is that every Indonesian citizen must always be aware of and obey the law, and the duty of states to enforce and ensure legal certainty.

 
The principle of self-confidence. Is that the National Development must be based on the belief in their own abilities and strengths, as well as based on the personality of the nation.

Defenition and Understanding About Political Term

Arthasastra. Books written by Kautilya, the prime minister of Chandragupta Maurya empire in around 321-300 BC. In this book, especially in the book I chapter XIII, Kautilya elucidate the idea masyarakata agreement to meet general corporate purposes. State and government are established in other to meet the necessities of mankind. In this book Kautilya also spread his theory of big fish swallowing a small fish known as the Law of fish.

 
Articulation interests. Is to unite, reconcile, accommodate a variety of interests, which obviously live in the community.

 
ASA or the Association of Southeast Asia. Founded on 31 July 1961 in the city of Bangkok, aims to hold economic, social and cultural. Consisting of Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines. The organization virtually frozen when Malaya was transformed into Malaysia since September 1963. According to committee member De La Rosa Philippines ASA cooperation plan from the Standing Committee hearing in March 1966 ASA unsuccessful run due to problems with capital.

 
Principle of National Development. It is the principle which gives character and style to the national development of Indonesia. In accordance with MPR Decree. IV / 1978 on Broad Outlines of State Policy Guidelines (Guidelines)

 
Ascribed Status. That one's position in society regardless of spiritual differences and abilities. This position was obtained by birth, such as the son of a nobleman would automatically have accrued royalty, as well as against the Brahmin caste in India has by itself will gain an equal footing because their parents belong to the caste question.

The turmoil of Islamic Political Thought

Ahead of the second millennium, in addition to the development of Marxism-Leninism flow, a mixture of Christianity and Humanism, or Buddha, or maybe some kind of class in the Hindu, Islam will be one of the six political forces that have been developed in the world today. For the people of Europe and America there is a difference between religion and political science. The political power with religious values ​​by the Europeans and Americans is a water and oil that can not be put together and even contradictory. But anyway, they actually have been deceived by the distance between religion and political power.

If the terms of the correlation, we can conclude that there is a common very close relationship between political power of Theology. The reason is unbelievably easy to find, that each of the actions associated with them have one thing that should be recognized by every person struggling with two disciplines, the Responsibility to everything.

So certainly, the greatest risk in the two field problems are prepared to die in a responsible manner. Of course, if someone had invested their lives in such a principle, the risk would be a huge force in moving the wise decisions and accompanied with bold flavors without fear to make life into a better direction. The question is, power is generated from? Is it just simply from science alone?

Therefore, agree when we say that a large force is used as the power on is filled by religious values ​​to political decisions that are implemented are embedded in the ideology and thoughts of a person's soul. Of course, the problems faced by these people will be easily solved by relying on the values ​​of Religion and Science (especially in this case is Political Science).

Judging from the value of history, so many social problems faced by the community to be a complex issue and very difficult to be solved when using a political science course. Historically, the presence of streams such as communism, Leninism-Marxism and others to make the community that there is only relying on science, so that the political policies that produced only temporary and less power in the face of social conflict. Therefore, the required values ​​of religion in solving the problems that exist today.

Encyclopedia of economic, social and political (Zaibatsu, Zaman Investitur, Zaken Cabinet, Zen Buddhism, Zero Zum Game)

Zaibatsu. Japanese language classes, which literally means bear. This term is used to refer to the combined companies owned several modern Japanese family, such as Mitsui, Misubishi, Sumitomo and Yasuda. After the Meiji Restoration, in 1868 to date, the combined company's control of the Japanese economy, and even very influential in political parties.

 
Age Investitur. A period in which the conflict between temporal power and spiritual power always occurs (between the king and the church). At that time, clashes broke out with the emergence of people's rejection of the supremacy of the church in the areas of autonomy and forth and the king's power base within state boundaries to the approval of the people that have been assigned to the king. Considered that the people as a source of power of the king and the king ruled with the consent of the people. Leading figure in this day and age is Marsiglio of Padua and William of Ockham.

 
Zaken Cabinet. A cabinet that bind themselves to conduct a limited program. That is because the composition of the existing cabinet are people who have the appropriate educational background or field work.

 
Zen Buddhism. One school of Buddhism in Japan. Originally from India, as a stream of Dhyana Budidharma and developed in Japan in the twelfth century. Many schools that embraced by the samurai has a strict discipline and principles are very firm beliefs.

 
Zero Zum Game. An argument that wins and gains on the one hand means defeat and losses on the other.

History of Political Science

Political Science, within a few decades of rapid progress. Both in the societies of their life is low, middle and upper. This suggests that the role of political science in the social and cultural life of the world community has an important role. Thus, from the proliferation of political science will also affect other social sciences which would result in social change in that area. 

Politics are reviewed in a broader context, namely as a rational discussion of any aspects of human life, and particularly in view of the aspects of state power, it can be said to be a political science discipline coupled with the philosophy and history of science. This is because the development of political science in the field of human life aspects also affect the values ​​of human life both individuals and groups. 

Whereas, if the terms of the political science view of power, then we will agree to say that political science is a discipline that just stuck in a systematic arrangement which has basic, framework, focus (especially in politics) and the scope of the obvious, then Political science is a science course that is still green. 

In fact, politics is one of the oldest in the field of social sciences other than history and philosophy of science. In Ancient Greece, there are thoughts about politics (particularly the State) has already begun in the fifth century BC, as the works of Herodotus, Plato, Aristotle. In China and India, which is also one of the centers of world civilization has been widely used the concept of the State and Political precisely in the fifth century BC by Confucius. 

Political science also penetrated Asia, America, Europe, such as in Indonesia state system discovered in the 13th century and the 12th century AD at the time of Majapahit. In Germany, Austria and France, has a political science development is very rapid so many born leaders socio-political and cultural sciences from there call it a case of Montesquie, Rousseau, Karl Marx and Immanuel Kant. However, different developments going on in the United States. If in some other areas of political science develops smoothly, it is different in the United States. So many juridical pressures because America is a region of Nations European colonies at the time. So, when talking politics is a contradiction to the existing state system in America.

Social Political Terminology and Meaning

ANZUS or Australia-New Zealand-United States Treaty. Founded in San Francisco on 1 September 1951 as a military pact to confront any armed attack in the Pacific area. After the name suggests, it consists of a military pact countries Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.

Apharteid. African term that means a separation or distinction which then leads to more political sense even racist, which is the difference in skin color that is run by the South African government. The term apartheid put forward the first time as a political doctrine in the general election in 1948 to win the South African National Party, which represents the majority white population. Though the black population includes no less than 4/5 of the total population of South Africa, but most of them can not participate in elections. and after holding the reins of government, the Nationalist Party has further restrict the political rights of the black population and sharpen the differences of skin color in the fields of education, housing, public guarantees, and almost all aspects of social life, the economy and culture of South Africa.

Apartride. Someone who did not have citizenship. This can occur because of differences in nationality principle adopted by each country. For example, a person's descent, whose country holds the principle of ius soli born in country B are in the principle of ius sanguinis applies, the first based on the principle of being the birthplace of both countries emphasized the principle of birth by descent. As such, the individual is not the color of state A, because it is not born in the country but also A and B are not citizens because no / not a descendant of the Nation B. Because a person does not have any citizenship.

Appeasement. A policy that is no more than a trickery or tactics of a country that aims to cool down or ease tensions with other countries.

Appel. It is a term that elevates something cases that have been decided by any court to another court of higher (appellate).

Istilah dalam Ilmu Politik

Ambon's Bond. Suatu perkumpulan berdasarkan kedaerahan yang didirikan oleh pegawai negeri di Amboina pada tahun 1911. Tujuan didirikannya perkumpulan ini adalah untuk memajukan pengajaran dan taraf hidup rakyat Ambon.

Ambonsch Studiefonds. Suatu perkumpulan berdasarkan kedaerahan yang didirikan oleh Dr. Tehupeiory pada tahun 1909, yang disediakan khusus untuk orang-orang keturunan Ambon. Tujuannya adalah memberikan penerangan tentang hal-hal dan kesempatan belajar serta memberikan bantuan kepada pelajar-pelajar berprestasi.

Perjanjian Amiens. Suatu perjanjian yang ditandatangani oleh Inggris, Perancis, Spanyol dan Baatafsche Republiek (Nederland) pada tahun 1802, di mana Inggris sepakat untuk melepaskan sebagian daerah-daerah yang berhak dikuasainya dalam perang revolusioner Perancis, dan Perancis menyetujui untuk meninggalkan Napoli.

Amnesty. Merupakan suatu hal yang diberikan kepada pemerintah dalam hal ini biasanya diwakili oleh presiden untuk menghapuskan hukuman yang telah dijatuhkan oleh keputusan pengadilan. Dalam banyak hal amnesty dibedakan dari pengampunan umum. Suatu pengampunan umum biasanya diberikan kepada seorang individu sedang amnesty biasanya diberikan kepada kelompok. Amnesty biasanya diberikan kepada pelaku-pelaku kejahatan yang bersifat politik, sedan pengampunan umum tidak terbatas kepada pelaku kejahatan politik saja. Sebagai contoh, amnesty yang diberikan oleh Presiden Amerika Serikat Henry Truman pada tahun 1945 yang memberikan pengampunan kepada pelaku-pelaku kejahatan dalam Perang Dunia II.

Amorites. Salah satu penduduk asli palestina sebelum pendudukan bangsa yahudi.