Pengertian kata "cabinet/ kabinet" dalam ilmu politik

Cabinet. Merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk menunjuk satu badan pelaksana atau pembantu yang berada di bawah pimpinan pihak kepala pemerintahan yaitu pihak eksekutif. Dalam hal ini pihak eksekutif merupakan perdana mentri secara parlementer ataupun presiden secara presidensial.

Cabinet yang ada dalam pimpinan pihak eksekutif ditunjuk dalam rangka untuk membantu pimpinan eksekutif dalam melaksanakn perundang-undangan yang dibentuk oleh pihak legislatif. Selain itu, cabinet tersebut membantu kepala pemerintahan untuk mengelola negara dengan tujuan-tujuan yang telah disepakati. Oleh karena itu, karena kabinet bersifat membantu dan diberikan wewenang oleh kepala pemerintahan, kabinet bertanggung jawab terhadap kepala pemerintahan.

Susunan cabinet terdiri dari beberapa orang yang menjabat di bidang masing-masing, seperti bidang luar negri, dalam negri, hukum, sosial, kesejahteraan rakyat, pendidikan, ekonomi, keuangan dan lain sebagainya. Orang-orang yang menjabat bidang-bidang tersebut dikatakan dengan sebutan mentri atau dalam bahasa inggris minister atau secretary of. Dari sekian banyak para mentri tersebut ada yang membawahi departemen ada juga yang tidak membawahi departemen.

Pengertian dan Penjelasan dari beberapa istilah ilmu politik

Banner. Istilah yang dikenal dalam per-suratkabaran yang menunjuk pada judul berita yang dicetak dengan huruf-huruf besar dan panjang yang biasanya ditempatkan di atas halaman.

Bapekan. Kependekan dari Badan Pengawas Kegiatan Aparatur Negara. Suatu lembaga negara republik Indonesia yang dibentuk untuk mengawasi kegiatan aparatur negara, baik resmi maupun tidak, guna menjamin efisiensi kerja yang maksimal. Badan ini didirikan pada bulan Agustus 1959 dengan penetapan presiden, dan dibubarkan oleh presiden sendiri pada bulan mei tahun 1962.

Bappenas atau Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. Suatu badan yang dibentuk untuk menyusun rencana pembangunan tahunan maupun jangka panjang untuk seluruh wilayah indonesia, dan menilai serta mengawasi pelaksanaan dan penyempurnaan pola pembangunan nasional semesta berencana. Dibentuk oleh Presiden Soekarno dengan Penetapan Presiden No. 12/1963, dan pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Soeharto badan ini berperan bear dalam menyusun REPELITA maupun PELITA.

Bargaining. Yaitu pelaksanaan perjanjian mengenai pertukaran barang-barang dan jasa-jasa antara dua organisasi atau lebih.

Barisan Banteng. Suatu organisasi yang didirikan oleh golongan nasionalis yang dimaksudkan untuk menandingi PUTERA (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat) yang didirikan oleh Pemerintah bala tentara jepang. Barisan banteng dipimpin oleh Departemen Pemuda dari Asrama Angkatan Baru Indonesia yang berkedudukan di Menteng 31 Jakarta. Di kemutian hari, barisan banteng ini dibubarkan oleh Kenpetai (Polisi Militer Jepang).

Some defenition from History political events

Balance of Power. A doctrine which ensures ideal distribution of power among the members of the international community, in order to avoid a nation becomes more powerful compared to other countries, giving rise to the tendency to use force against another group or nation. In this sense the balance of power has existed since the fifteenth century. The doctrine has become the most important principle governing relations between sovereign nations that accompanied the struggles in Europe in the sixteenth century between Francis I of France, Charles V of Spain, and Henry VIII of England. 

Europe is the center of balance of the world until the end of World War I, during which Europe began to loose power. After the second world war, the United States and the Soviet Union began to develop as the two poles of world power. New developments taking place, in which China is also growing as a new nuclear power, as Europeans began to determine the balance of power in today. 

Bali Dharma Laksana. A national movement organization in Bali that developed in the period before World War I. As for the goal of the organization is to improve education for the sons and daughters of Bali. Siri Mavoratwatte He Bandaranaike. Is the name of the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, who served in 1960-1965, also was the first female head of government in modern history. Born to a wealthy and educated family S. Bridget's Convent Colombo. In 1940 married to Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike who became prime minister of Sri Lanka from 1956 until the time of the killing in 1959. Although Sirimavo Bandaranaike did not hold political posts before, he was appointed prime minister on 21 July 1960, after he emerged as a prominent figure in the Sri Lanka Freedom Party founded by her husband. Main lines is continuing her husband's political reign. Down from office in 1965 after his party's defeat in the general election. 

Bandung Conference. Also known as the Asian-African conference, the conference of 29 countries of Asia and Africa, which was held in London on 18-24 August 1955. And the purpose of the conference is to seek consensus on issues related to colonialism, racism, economic development and world peace. The results of this conference is to put forward Bandung Declaration. 

Bangkok Declaration. It is a few people who for community service background equations then constitute a nation.

Pengertian dari Awig-Awig, Axis Power, Ayuthia, Babisme dan Babander

Awig Awig, ialah anggaran rumah tangga desa yang memuat tentang hak-hak desa, susunan pemerintahan desa serta struktur organisasi desa. Awig-awig ini khusus berlaku di desa-desa di Bali.

Axis Powers. Salah satu bentuk koalisi Negara dalam Perang Dunia II. Dimulai dengan pakta Italia dan Jerman yang ditandatangani pada tanggal 25 Oktober 1936 dan terkenal dengan sebutan Rome-Berlin Axis. Koalisi ini kemudian mengembang kepada Negara-negara yang menandatangani pakta Anti Komintern, yaitu Jerman, Jepang, Italia, Spanyol, Hungaria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finlandia, Rumania dan Pemerintahan Slovakia, Croatia, Manchukuo dan rezim nanking. Axis ini berakhir pada masa Perang Dunia kedua.

Ayuthia. Sebuah kota di muangthai selatan yang terletak di tepi sungai menam. Antara tahun 1350-1767 Ayuthia menjadi ibukota siam.

Babisme. Merupakan suatu aliran agama yang berkembang di Iran pada abad kesembilanbelas. Dipelopori oleh Mirza Ali Mohammad pada tahun 1843 yang mengangkat dirinya sebagai Bab ed-Din, yang bisa diartikan sebagai pintu gerbang iman. Bab ed-Din, bahkan menyatakan dirinya sebagai pengganti Nabi Musa AS, Nabi Isa AS dan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Bab ed-Din memimpin pemberontakan yang bisa ditindas pada tahun 1848 untuk akhirnya dihukum mati pada tahun 1850. Perjuangan babisme kemudian dilanjutkan oleh para pengikut bahaisme.

Babander. Merupakan tempat persembunyian raja Majapahit Jayanegara ketika istananya diserang dan diduduki oleh Kuti pada tahun 1319.

Defenitions of Autistic, Autokratie, Autoritarism, Aux mains du peuple and AWA

Autistic. Something that has to do with how the properties or proceeds think subjectively. 

Autokratie. A form of government in which state power is in the hands of one person running it with no power limited by the power of the other. 

Autoritarisme. Centralization of governmental power in the hands or on a small group that did the state government without being responsible to the people. 

Aux mains du peuple. The term meaning the highest form of The Power is in the hands of the people. 

AWA or Algemene Werknemers Associatie. Is the class of the Dutch labor movement which was formed as an agency of the government employees union and a private in 1947. Unlike the labor movements of the nation Indonesia, the Dutch group's labor movement fought tooth and nail to restore the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. 

Defenitions Aurangzeb, Australia-New Zealand Pact, Auteursrecht, Authority Relationship, Autism

Aurangzeb (Living in the year 1618 to 1707). Moghul emperor is the year 1658. An adherent of the religion of Islam are very devout, but who managed to occupy the highest power to get rid of his brothers and imprisoned his father. Thanks to its military strength, Moghul controlled a vast area.

Australia-New Zealand Pact. Agreement between Australia and New Zealand signed in 1944 in which the two countries agreed to take responsibility for the Pacific region from attack another country or outside influences.

Auteursrecht. It is a rule that governs the rights of every citizen.

Authority Relationship. It is a form of relationship between the members of an organization that is determined by the authority and responsibility for each party.

Autism. It is a term that means the thinking process is very subjective. This way of thinking tends to produce unnatural acts, not in accordance with the fact that the world around them.

Defenitions of Asyl, Counsellor or Attache, Atheism, Atlantic Charter, Aukflarung

Asyl. Also called right of asylum or protection rights. This right is owned by the state to be given to foreign nationals who obviously need protection from the demands of his own country soul. For example, a political criminal or rebel because it will be prosecuted by the state and then seek asylum or protection to a foreign embassy to the pursuit of the local state apparatus.

Counsellor or Attache. A person who is placed in one foreign country to serve something the task. For example, the military attaché or cultural attaché.

Atheism. Derived from the Greek which means no A theos meaning God. As such it is nothing but atheism is a doctrine that in this world there really is not anything supernatural beings. In other words, atheism is understood that not believing in God.

Atlantic Charter. Peace program proposed by U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill at their meeting in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean on August 14, 1941. The principles embodied in the Atlantic Charter is to create a new and better world after the tyranny of the Nazis in World War II. These principles became part of the UN declaration in January 1942.

Aukflarung. The German term meaning Bright Age, is a school of thought that developed in the eighteenth century in Europe who are rationalists tend to scientific thinking. The flow is supported by the writings of Diderot, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Hume, Thomas Paine and his contemporaries thinkers. In English terms, aufklarung known as enlightenment.

Defenition of Aspac, Assabiyah, Assassination, Assembly Government, Assigned Status

Aspac or Asian Pacific Council. is an institution founded in the city of Seoul South Korea on 15 June 1966. Aiming to conduct cooperation in economy and culture in order to protect the countries in Asia Pacific from the danger of communism. This organization consists of Australia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, New Zealand, Taiwan, South Vietnam.

Assabiyah. The term in Arabia were mean spirited tribal strictly followed by the Arabs.

Assassination. Shocking murder or assault with a sudden, especially to political figures held for political purposes, is based on personal or religious motives. Killings figures is happening all the time and not limited to a particular form of government. Among the victims of this murder is Julius Caesar, Abraham Lincoln, Leon Trotsky, Gandhi, Liaquat Ali Khan, John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Robert F. Kennedy, Tom Mboya and others.

Assembly Government. It is a system of government in which the representative body of the people have a very prominent role, which includes all of the powers that be in the country. For example, what was done in the Soviet Union, where formally the Supreme Soviet (Council of Representatives of the Soviet Union) is a tool of power supreme and not only has the legislative power, but also the executive and judicial powers. Nevertheless, keep in mind that the real power was in the hands of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Assigned status. It is a position that earned on delivery. This happens because of a group or provide a higher position to a person who has been credited with fighting for something to meet the needs and interests of the community. The position could also be because someone has long occupied a certain rank.

Defenition and Understanding About Political Term

Arthasastra. Books written by Kautilya, the prime minister of Chandragupta Maurya empire in around 321-300 BC. In this book, especially in the book I chapter XIII, Kautilya elucidate the idea masyarakata agreement to meet general corporate purposes. State and government are established in other to meet the necessities of mankind. In this book Kautilya also spread his theory of big fish swallowing a small fish known as the Law of fish.

 
Articulation interests. Is to unite, reconcile, accommodate a variety of interests, which obviously live in the community.

 
ASA or the Association of Southeast Asia. Founded on 31 July 1961 in the city of Bangkok, aims to hold economic, social and cultural. Consisting of Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines. The organization virtually frozen when Malaya was transformed into Malaysia since September 1963. According to committee member De La Rosa Philippines ASA cooperation plan from the Standing Committee hearing in March 1966 ASA unsuccessful run due to problems with capital.

 
Principle of National Development. It is the principle which gives character and style to the national development of Indonesia. In accordance with MPR Decree. IV / 1978 on Broad Outlines of State Policy Guidelines (Guidelines)

 
Ascribed Status. That one's position in society regardless of spiritual differences and abilities. This position was obtained by birth, such as the son of a nobleman would automatically have accrued royalty, as well as against the Brahmin caste in India has by itself will gain an equal footing because their parents belong to the caste question.

Encyclopedia of economic, social and political (Zaibatsu, Zaman Investitur, Zaken Cabinet, Zen Buddhism, Zero Zum Game)

Zaibatsu. Japanese language classes, which literally means bear. This term is used to refer to the combined companies owned several modern Japanese family, such as Mitsui, Misubishi, Sumitomo and Yasuda. After the Meiji Restoration, in 1868 to date, the combined company's control of the Japanese economy, and even very influential in political parties.

 
Age Investitur. A period in which the conflict between temporal power and spiritual power always occurs (between the king and the church). At that time, clashes broke out with the emergence of people's rejection of the supremacy of the church in the areas of autonomy and forth and the king's power base within state boundaries to the approval of the people that have been assigned to the king. Considered that the people as a source of power of the king and the king ruled with the consent of the people. Leading figure in this day and age is Marsiglio of Padua and William of Ockham.

 
Zaken Cabinet. A cabinet that bind themselves to conduct a limited program. That is because the composition of the existing cabinet are people who have the appropriate educational background or field work.

 
Zen Buddhism. One school of Buddhism in Japan. Originally from India, as a stream of Dhyana Budidharma and developed in Japan in the twelfth century. Many schools that embraced by the samurai has a strict discipline and principles are very firm beliefs.

 
Zero Zum Game. An argument that wins and gains on the one hand means defeat and losses on the other.

Social Political Terminology and Meaning

ANZUS or Australia-New Zealand-United States Treaty. Founded in San Francisco on 1 September 1951 as a military pact to confront any armed attack in the Pacific area. After the name suggests, it consists of a military pact countries Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.

Apharteid. African term that means a separation or distinction which then leads to more political sense even racist, which is the difference in skin color that is run by the South African government. The term apartheid put forward the first time as a political doctrine in the general election in 1948 to win the South African National Party, which represents the majority white population. Though the black population includes no less than 4/5 of the total population of South Africa, but most of them can not participate in elections. and after holding the reins of government, the Nationalist Party has further restrict the political rights of the black population and sharpen the differences of skin color in the fields of education, housing, public guarantees, and almost all aspects of social life, the economy and culture of South Africa.

Apartride. Someone who did not have citizenship. This can occur because of differences in nationality principle adopted by each country. For example, a person's descent, whose country holds the principle of ius soli born in country B are in the principle of ius sanguinis applies, the first based on the principle of being the birthplace of both countries emphasized the principle of birth by descent. As such, the individual is not the color of state A, because it is not born in the country but also A and B are not citizens because no / not a descendant of the Nation B. Because a person does not have any citizenship.

Appeasement. A policy that is no more than a trickery or tactics of a country that aims to cool down or ease tensions with other countries.

Appel. It is a term that elevates something cases that have been decided by any court to another court of higher (appellate).

Istilah dalam Ilmu Politik

Ambon's Bond. Suatu perkumpulan berdasarkan kedaerahan yang didirikan oleh pegawai negeri di Amboina pada tahun 1911. Tujuan didirikannya perkumpulan ini adalah untuk memajukan pengajaran dan taraf hidup rakyat Ambon.

Ambonsch Studiefonds. Suatu perkumpulan berdasarkan kedaerahan yang didirikan oleh Dr. Tehupeiory pada tahun 1909, yang disediakan khusus untuk orang-orang keturunan Ambon. Tujuannya adalah memberikan penerangan tentang hal-hal dan kesempatan belajar serta memberikan bantuan kepada pelajar-pelajar berprestasi.

Perjanjian Amiens. Suatu perjanjian yang ditandatangani oleh Inggris, Perancis, Spanyol dan Baatafsche Republiek (Nederland) pada tahun 1802, di mana Inggris sepakat untuk melepaskan sebagian daerah-daerah yang berhak dikuasainya dalam perang revolusioner Perancis, dan Perancis menyetujui untuk meninggalkan Napoli.

Amnesty. Merupakan suatu hal yang diberikan kepada pemerintah dalam hal ini biasanya diwakili oleh presiden untuk menghapuskan hukuman yang telah dijatuhkan oleh keputusan pengadilan. Dalam banyak hal amnesty dibedakan dari pengampunan umum. Suatu pengampunan umum biasanya diberikan kepada seorang individu sedang amnesty biasanya diberikan kepada kelompok. Amnesty biasanya diberikan kepada pelaku-pelaku kejahatan yang bersifat politik, sedan pengampunan umum tidak terbatas kepada pelaku kejahatan politik saja. Sebagai contoh, amnesty yang diberikan oleh Presiden Amerika Serikat Henry Truman pada tahun 1945 yang memberikan pengampunan kepada pelaku-pelaku kejahatan dalam Perang Dunia II.

Amorites. Salah satu penduduk asli palestina sebelum pendudukan bangsa yahudi.
 

Meaning of Social Politics, and Laws Terminology

Anti-Militarism. A group opposed to the domination or military interference in the affairs of state.

Anti-Papisme. A group that rejects and opposes the existence of the Pope, the highest figure in the Roman Catholic religion.

Anti-Parliamentarianism. A growing group in the country that rejected and opposed ways of controlling government based on a parliamentary system, the form of democracy and democratic system. This group actually wanted to develop and enforce a state diktarial.

Anti-Semitism. A movement against Jewry which is part of the Semitten. Originally movement aimed at the Semitten, but understanding the current Anti Semitism is more devoted again to the anti-Jewish movement. Hate against Jews has been rooted since then and many states and nations despise and persecute the Jews and did not want any of them hold key positions in the state. At the end of the nineteenth century the hatred started burning again, especially in the Soviet Union during the reign of Tsar, who he did not even recognize the Jewish law as the country's population. Similarly, in the Balkans, born anti-Jewish measures known as measures Progroms to rob and kill organized on a regular basis, so many Jews who had fled abroad, mainly to the United States. In about 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany, the anti-Jewish movement is more bigger again. Millions of Jews killed in concentration camps under Hitler's orders.
 

Anti Social. A tendency to resist or oppose the discipline, grow and develop in society.

The meaning of terminology in Political and Laws

Antagonism. Is a term that has a meaning in the form of conflicts between different opinions, streams or groups.

Antara. Indonesia is the name of the news agency. Founded in 1937 during the Japanese occupation which was renamed Yashima the Indonesian section of the Japanese news agency Domei. From the news that Indonesia Independence Proclamation was first broadcast worldwide on the same day and date.

Antichrist. Is a group that opposes the existence of Christianity and trying to eliminate Christianity from the face of the earth. The group is influenced and driven by the St. John in the early growth of Christianity is.

Anti Clericalisme. An opposing ideologies religious leaders.

Anti-Comintern Pact. An alliance that initially involved only Germany and Japan in 1939, then spread larger and reach other countries. This alliance was formed to deal with Comintern (comunist International) which was developed in 1919 in Moscow.

Terms in Social Politics and Laws

Questionnaire. It is the right of every member of the legislature to conduct its own investigation. For this typically formed an inquiry committee that will report the results of its investigation to other legislators will then jointly formulate the investigation results.

Anglican Communion. Fellowship between the churches of England, Episcopal Churches USA and Church of Ireland.

Anil Hukmu lillahi Illa. An understanding that the view that there is no other power except the power of God. Understanding democracy is heavily influenced by the recognition of God, which can be obtained from understanding adopted by the Chawaridj. The establishment of this kind nearly anarchic, negating the government and free the people from all the laws. So only one establishment that they hold dear, is that there is only one law that must be obeyed by the people who do not need the government, is the law of God.

Anomie. The term proposed by Emile Durkheim to describe the circumstances that no rules. The situation of this kind occurs because of the people who live in a society has no longer has a grip on societal norms.

Anschluss. Is a term that means something to unite the boards with the agency or other agencies, and even from one country to another.

Laws and Political term

Threats. The things that are changing or remodel performed conceptual and policy, criminal and political.

Ancien Regime. A French term used to denote the socio-political system that is run on the years preceding the French Revolution in 1789.

Annexation. Taking part of the country that lost the battle to win the war state to forcibly incorporated into the territory of a victorious war.

Angger Angger Arubiru. Regulation is issued kings in times past, especially in the kingdom on the island of Java, where the rules relating to criminal law.

Force 66. It is a form of separation of the generation that is destined for the mass generation that emerged in early 1966, led by students who came from Jakarta Indonesia and the critical situation of struggle to achieve Tritura (3 demands of the People) and the Ampera which is the effect of the event Gestapu 1965.

The meaning of anarchism and another term

Anarchism. Taken from the Greek word roughly meaning without government (without rules). Anarchism is a government that refuses to understand. This understanding is based on the assumption that human nature is good and wise. Therefore, the anarchists found that people do not need the state and the government are equipped with the tools of coercion to ensure security and public order. Thus it can be said that anarchism want a free society without coercion organizations to curb the freedom of the individual. However, do not expect anarchism anarchy or a chaotic society. They want an orderly society, public order may be held solely by the individuals in associations formed voluntarily. Anarchism was introduced by the Stoic philosophers such as Zeno who want a society without state and government.

Philosophical anarchism. Groups of anarchism which in order to achieve its goals prefer to use peaceful means of persuasion based on a rational and evolutionary as speeches, writings and propaganda without the use of physical violence. Some leaders belonging to the group of believers is philosophical anarchist William Goadwin, Max Stirver, Pierre Joseph Proudhon, F. Domela, Nieuwenhuid and Leo Tolstoy.

Revolutionary anarchism. Anarchism groups who strive to realize their goals by all means that there is a revolutionary, then, to use violence and bloody revolution. Michael Bakunin could be regarded as a revolutionary anarchist.

Anarkhist. The term for people who embrace anarchism flow or a term for people who like and often make a mess.

Anarkho syndicalism. Or anarkhistis extreme form of syndicalism, which wanted the abolition of the state and the whole purpose and function of the state. Anarkho-syndicalism approved the basic principles of anarchism, and suggested the role of trade unions as a substitute and heir country.

Terminology Words in Political and Laws Science

Ambon's Bond. An association based regionalism which was founded by civil servants at Amboina in 1911. The objective of establishing this association is to promote the teaching and the standard of living of the people of Ambon.

Ambonsch Studiefonds. An association based regionalism which was founded by Dr. Tehupeiory in 1909, which is reserved exclusively for those Ambonese descent. The goal is to provide information about things and learning opportunities as well as provide assistance to outstanding students.

 
Treaty of Amiens. An agreement signed by Britain, France, Spain and Baatafsche Republiek (Netherlands) in 1802, in which Britain agreed to release some of the areas eligible under their control in the French revolutionary wars, and France agreed to leave Napoli.

Amnesty. Is something that is given to the government in this case is usually represented by the president to abolish the penalty that has been imposed by the court's decision. In many ways indistinguishable from a general amnesty amnesty. A general amnesty is usually given to an individual being amnesty is usually given to the group. Amnesty is usually given to the perpetrators of crimes of a political nature, not limited sedan general amnesty to political offenders only. For example, the amnesty granted by the President of the United States Henry Truman in 1945 that gave amnesty to the perpetrators of crimes in World War II.

Amorites. One of the native occupation of Palestine before the Jewish nation.

Kamus Istilah Politik beserta artinya

Akselerasi. Menurut asal katanya adalah perubahan kecepatan per unit waktu. Istilah dan pengertian ini pertama kali dikembangkan oleh Ahli Fisika Italia Galileo. Istilah dan pengertian yang sama kemudian diambil oleh ilmu-ilmu sosial, terutama politik, untuk menunjuk kepada kecepatan-kecepatan di dalam pembangunan nasional, misalnya akselerasi pembangunan 25 tahun yang dicanangkan oleh Pemerintahan Indonesia dengan pembangunan bertahap secara lima tahun.

Akulturasi. Suatu proses sosial yang terjadi apabila suatu kelompok manusia-manusia dengan suatu kebudayaan yang tertentu dihadapkan pada unsur-unsur dari suatu kebudayaan asing yang berbeda sedemikian rupa sehingga unsur-unsur kebudayaan asing itu lambat laun diterima dan diolah ke dalam kebudayaan sendiri, tanpa menyebabkan hilangnya kepribadian kebudayaan itu sendiri.

Alamein atau El Alamein. Merupakan nama kota di mesir utara di pinggir pantai laut tengah. Di kota inilah tentara Inggris di bawah Komando Jenderal Montgomery dapat mengalahkan tentara Jerman yang dipimpin oleh Jenral Rommel pada tanggal 1-2 November 1942.

Albion. Sebutan lain untuk Inggris.

Alcatraz. Suatu pulau di teluk San Francisco California yang terkenal sebagai tempat tahanan dengan tingkat keamanan yang paling tinggi, sehingga mustahil tahanan-tahanan akan bisa melarikan diri tanpa cedera atau tidak tertangkap kembali. Ditemukan pertama kali oleh Spanyol pada tahun 1769 dan pada tahun 1868. Amerika Serikat mendirikan tahanan militer di pulau tersebut untuk kemudian dipisahkan dari tangan militer pada tahun 1933. Tahanan yang berdiri di atas tanah seluas 12 acres tersebut ditutup pada tahun 1963.

The term of Political and Laws and the meaning

Amalgamation. Intermarriage between a citizen of a particular class with another class citizens. The wedding is usually done by someone from the minority to the majority of those in the community.

Amendments. Right legislature to hold the changes to a draft law presented by the government or the president.

Ambassador. Diplomatic agent who has the highest. Up to the end of the nineteenth century, many countries use the term ambassador in diplomatic credentials. But in these days, the diplomat who has the highest position is called the extra ordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador.

Ambeg Paramaarta. That means choosing exactly which ones should come first. In Pancasila leadership, a leader must know how to advance the character of a program is important, and in turn less programs are so important.

Ambivalence. Term borrowed from psychiatry to explain the conflicting feelings of an individual. A person is said to have a stand ambivalence when the fork of a political question, he said there is no clear stand but vague and confusing.