Friday, March 11, 2011

Administrative patterns in the reign Caliph Muawiyah

Caliph Muawiyah founded a well-organized government. When Mu'awiya became ruler happened many difficulties. Government decentralized empire seemed chaotic. The emergence of anarchism and indiscipline nomads who are no longer controlled by the bond of religion and moral cause instability everywhere and the loss of unity. Institute of theocracy that has unifying Caliphate comes first, without being able to avoid being destroyed by the murder of Uthman, by civil war as a result, and by moving the capital from Medina. Oligarchy in Mecca was defeated and vilified. Muawiyah tried to find a new basis for imperial cohesion. Therefore, he changed his religion into the secular state sovereignty. Even so, elements of religion in government and the government does not disappear altogether. Muawiyah still comply with the formalities of religion and sometimes shows itself as an Islamic warrior. 

Muawiyah implement major changes in government and prominent in the country. Army very strong and efficient. He can count on the Syrians troops obedient and faithful, who still stood beside him in the most dangerous ones. With the help of people loyal to Syria, Muawiyah tried to establish a stable government under Byzantine rule lines. She works hard for a smooth system for the very first use. 

Muawiyah was the first person in Islam who founded a department record (diwanulkahatam). Every regulations issued by khalifah must copied within an registers, then original must sealed and sent to address dituju. Previously, the caliph gives 1000 dirhams to someone from the provincial treasury. The letter containing the order was intercepted in the middle of the road, and the number is modified with a higher rate. 

Services pas (diwanulbarid) reportedly has been introduced by Muawiyah. Barid or head right to tell the central government about what is going on in government in the province. In this way, Muawiyah carry out power in central government. He formed two imperial secretariat (center) is the Arabic media, and the provincial secretariat of the Greek and Persian language. As a far-sighted administrator, Muawiyah separate the financial affairs of government affairs. He appointed a governor in each province to do government`s work. However, to levy taxes, in each province, he appointed a special officer with a degree sahibulkharaj. These officials are not bound by the governor, and he was appointed by the caliph. In financial matters, the governor should hang himself in sahibulkharaj, and it limits his power.

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