Electrons, one of subatomic particles

If you ever see the lightning striking the earth's surface, then you are the luckiest people in the world. Why do I say that because not all people who live in this world ever saw a bunch of electrons coming from the sky / air toward the earth's surface naturally. Indeed, when you see two or more metal plates in contact friction quickly so you will see a spark coming out of metal, then you will also see the electrons. However, the difference between the two events, the electrons of lightning is seen moving as if alive, while the metal just like the thrown as a result of friction.

Talking about the electron only two problems, how the shape of the electron is and what the resultant when he moved or shut up. Before that, let's review the first discovery of the electron and what exactly these electrons.

According to they site, Wikipedia describe electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles and are generally written as e-. Electrons do not have component or substructure are known, so it believed to be an elementary particle. Electrons, which belong to the first generation lepton particle family, participates in gravitational interactions, the interaction of electromagnetic and weak interactions. Just like all matter, electrons have the properties of particle and bath tub waves (wave-particle duality), so that it can collide and diffracted with other particles such as light.

Name "electron" was introduced to find the nuclear charge in 1894 by Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney.  In many physical phenomena, such as electricity, magnetism and thermal conductivity, the electrons play a very important role. An electron moving relative to the observer will produce a magnetic field and electron trajectories will also be bent by an external magnetic field. When an electron is accelerated, it can absorb or emit energy in the form of photons. Electrons together with nuclei consisting of protons and neutrons, forming atoms.

According to theory, most of the electrons in the universe was created in the Big Bang (massive explosion), but it can also be created through the beta decay of radioactive isotopes as well as in high-energy collisions, such as cosmic rays entering the atmosphere. Electrons can be destroyed by the positron annihilation, and can be absorbed during the nucleosynthesis stars.

A bit confusing indeed, the explanation given by wikipedia but clearly told that, the electron is a subatomic particle. This means that the electrons have a smaller size of the atoms in general. And after investigation that the electron has a charge of .  This value is obtained from an experiment conducted by Robert A. Ownership in the years 1908-1917. This experiment known as the ownership of oil drops experiment. The values ​​are taken based on the experiments and concluded with an electron charge.

The discovery of the electron in its history begins with the discovery of cathode tube that emits a weak green light. Cathode tube is made of two strands of wire are given a large enough electric potential in and covered by a glass tube, so that it can happen rays. Beam is in the tube can be seen, and the light is examined by experts. Beam is better known as cathode rays.

J. Plucker is the first to investigate the beam inside the cathode tube. Beam called cathode rays were studied in depth by Plucker and obtain the conclusion that cathode rays have the following properties:

• Spread straight from the negative to the positive pole of electricity.
• These rays are negatively charged due to the positive pole.
• The nature of cathode rays are not affected by the type of wire electrode is used, the type of gas in the tube, and the materials used to produce electric current. 

In line with the conclusions given by Plucker and even William Crookes also find a better cathode tube in 1879.

Further research conducted by J.J. Thomson. He said that the cathode rays can be confirmed as a particle, because it can turn a propeller that is placed between the cathode and anode. And from his experiments, Thomson stated that the cathode rays are subatomic particles (sub-atomic particle) that has a negative charge and hereinafter referred to as electrons.

And because we know that, an atom has a neutral charge. This means that if the electron is a constituent atom, the electrons must have a balanced opposed to neutral. There should be a particle that is able to compensate for the electrons with the opposite charge so the charge of a neutral atom. Thus, the results of these conclusions, Thomson argued that atomic theory Atom theory known as Thomson who even took him to receive the Nobel Prize in 1906.

Then, since the release of atomic theory thomson, the world accepted that the shape of an electron and proton particles are spherical solid shape. It is derived from theoretical modeling provided by thomson form of "Atom is a solid ball is positively charged and negatively charged electrons scattered inside.

Electrons in this day and age has an important role in the technology world. In building materials, can be found using the electron as a form of micro-and nano-imaging of the structure of a material to study the characteristics of these materials. In the field of energy, the electrons required for ammunition cartridges to produce nuclear energy as a form of energy in the form of beta rays in the purposes of radiation on animals and plants. It is used to meet human needs.