Theories created by western about the formation of world society

At first the theory is used to solve the social problems that arise in society itself. Since the time of Renaissance, precisely in the 16th century scholars who are influenced by the ideas of individualism that is trying to develop theories to answer or solve the problem of why human beings are born free to live separately and always found together.

It became a reference of the experts who engaged in the world community sociology. One thing we need to consider is why experts often take reference from the 16th century at which time the continent of Europe is experiencing a renaissance. Therefore, before we get into those theories let's review briefly what exactly was the renaissance.

Wikipedia on its website explaining that The renaissance era was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. Though the invention of printing sped the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century, the changes of the Renaissance were not uniformly experienced across Europe. As a cultural movement, it encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th-century resurgence of learning based on classical sources, which contemporaries credited to Petrarch, the development of linear perspective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. In politics the Renaissance contributed the development of the conventions of diplomacy, and in science an increased reliance on observation. Historians often argue this intellectual transformation was a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance man". 

It is evident from the text comes from wikipedia explains that when the time of renaissance in Europe began there was a purpose for every person who lives to restore the cultures that used to be applied in continental Europe. History tells us that the Greco-Roman culture evolved and grew rapidly in continental Europe in the centuries before the middle. However, these developments put the thoughts of Europe only understand things that seem to eat it without analyzing. Logic that is growing very concerned that the culture is limited to what is seen, felt or touched / held.

What makes the nations of the European experience can not be separated from the Christian religion is very traditional so not to hit the developing science. Though religion and science are two different paths, but toward the same goal. Therefore, when Muslims in the Middle Ages to develop science and religion of the European continent at that time received what is called culture shock. Thus, the euro has decreased and even the culture that resulted in their differentiation into the Dark Ages or the Medieval era of Islam called or known as the Islamic Golden Age.

Well, back to our question about the theories of the formation of social communities have a relationship between two cultures that existed before. Thus, it would seem that when the following theories would seem the role of the two cultures, the Greco-Roman culture with Islamic culture. Here's the theory that I took from a book called Dr. Soedjono:

Social Contract Theory. This theory began in the 17th century when scholars such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Rousseau, and others influenced by the views of individualism that sparked the Renaissance put forward the theory known as the theory of agreement / social contract. This theory suggests that human beings are born free and then separately for the integrity of the man himself entered into an agreement or social contract to live together in a social life.

This means that in a situation when the people (individuals) with other people who want to live in peace and can grow quickly into a better direction then need a program called the agreement / social contract between individuals. Might result from the social contract is an arrangement that should be agreed together, and when broken should be given punishment. This allows each individual to do an interaction with others in order to live comfortably together.

Theory of Social Desire and Power merge. In the book I make reference is written that there is an opinion regarding the social meaning of life. The opinion came from Prof. P.J. Bouman which he wrote in his book Public Science. He argued that the intimate association between humans live together in certain ways by the desires of the individual community. For example there is a mutual desire of each individual to grow the economy at the local level that it will settle.

This equation is the reference Bouman in solving problems that separate human beings who are born in a society always found living together as united by their desires. Bouman even categorize the community desires it as follows:

• Social aspiration.  
• Sense of Self-Esteem. 
• Intent To Comply. 
• Intention of imitating someone. 
• Socialize desire.  
• Helping each other and the desire for sympathy. 
• The desire to fight.  
• Tells desire and a propensity to receive the effects.

Besides the community desires that already exist within every individual / human being, the theory presented by Bouman also was a force that combines these desires to form a social community. Bouman claimed the power to encourage and incorporate these desires known to power the merger are:

• Leadership, authority and obedience.  
• Rules or social norms.

Above two theories are theories that suggest that the formation of social communities based on the desire of man himself and the presence of a form of natural law (of course, comes from God through religion) that encourage people to interact. Cultures such as Greece, Rome and Islam are also encouraged to do the interaction of each individual to form communities that have a high civilization. 

Reference:
1. Sosiologi work by Dr. Soedjono D., S.H.
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Ages_(historiography), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age