Among historians there is a difference regarding the commencement of Islamic history. In general, these disagreements can be divided into two. First, some historians argue that the history of Islam starting from the Prophet Muhammad was appointed Rasullullah SAW. Therefore, according to this opinion, as long as 13 years of the Prophet Muhammad lived in Mecca has been born to Muslim society, although not sovereign.
Second, some historians argue that the history of Muslims began in the Prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina as the new sovereign Muslim community when the Prophet Muhammad lived in Medina. Muhammad lived in Medina, not just as apostles, but also doubles as the leader or head of the State under the constitution, called the Charter of Medina.
In addition to differences on early Islamic history, historians also differ in determining the phases or periodization of Islamic history. There are at least two periodization of Islamic history has ever put forward by scholars who come from Indonesia. Where, periodization of Islamic history is as follows:
- The beginning of Islam (610-661 AD)
- Ammawiyah Daula (661-750 AD)
- Daula Abbasid I (750-847 AD)
- Daula Abbasid II (847-976 AD)
- Daula Abbasid III (946-1075 AD)
- Daula Mughals (1261-1520 AD)
- Daula Ottomans (1520-1801 AD)
There is also a historian who divides the history of Islam into 3 parts which are reviewed from the period in general. 3 Period among others,
- Classical Period (650-1250 AD)
- Period mid-(1250-1800)
- Modern Period (1800-present)
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