Eukaryotic cells, Definition and Structure

In this post, we will discuss the structure of the cells. As we know that, in the biological sciences, the cells are generally divided into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. For that, we will discuss about eukaritik cells.

Understanding of the eukaryotic cell itself is a system structure of the cell with organelles that are genetically arranged neatly and tied in a nuclear membrane. It also differentiates between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. According to Wikipedia, general characteristics of eukaryotic cells include:

Plasma Membrane / Membrane Internal
Plasma membrane / internal membrane is a membrane that is composed of fat molecules and proteins. Membrane is a a layer that has a membranes thickness around 5-10 nanometers. Molecules of protein and lipid are basically static but moves so can be imagined that the membrane can be liquid. This membrane has a composition of phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterols and coupled with the glycoprotein.

Plasma membrane is very important in keeping cell life. Plasma membrane function as follows:

1. Protecting the contents of the cell
2. Regulate the entry and exit of molecules into cells
3. As receptor stimulation from outside the cell

Cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is one of the inside of the contents of the eukaryotic cell that has the form of liquids and solids. Remember, it was in the cytoplasm of cells other than nukleoplasma (plasma core). Sitosel fluid called the cytoplasm, whereas the solids in the cytoplasm is a the organelles.

Cytosol is composed of water, protein, amino acids, vitamins, nucleotides, fatty acids, and ions. Occurs in the cytosol of a colloidal nature, mainly because of the protein and RNA. Whereas in the cytoplasm of solids composed of several organelles in the form of ribosomes, mitochondria, and Golgi bodies which have specific functions.

Nucleus. Often referred to as the cell nucleus is a the largest organelle inside the cell. This nucleus has a diameter of about 10 micrometers. In general, the cell nucleus is located in the middle and have a round or oval shape. In a nucleus are called nucleo-plasma matrix, nucleolus, RNA, and chromosomes. In the chromosome is composed of protein and DNA. DNA serves to deliver genetic information and protein synthesis.

Centrioles. These organelles have certain phases where centrioles can be seen at the time of the cell to division. At the time of cell division do we will be able to see the centrioles in the form of cilia or flagella. Cilia and flagella is a form of the phases of the centrioles. The most significant function of the centriole is at the time of cell division in the mitotic phase associated with the chromosomes. Centriole is only found in animal cells, whereas in plants not found.

Endoplasmic reticulum. Endoplasmic reticulum is a the organelles that have a shape like the threads are woven. True to its name derived from the word meaning reticular threads woven.Because of its location centered on the inside sitoplama, then called the endoplasmic reticulum. endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells is only found in both animal cells and plant cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum is divided into two, namely the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Differences were seen from the existing physical properties. In the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasmic face and attached to the ribosome, so that the dots will appear. While the fine is not plastered by the ribosome.

Ribosomes. Ribosomes are composed of protein and a special RNA, called ribosomal RNA or RNA-r. The ribosome itself has no membranes, and its shape made ​​up of large units and small units of each round.
There ribosomes attached to endoplasmic reticulum membranes, there is also drifting servant in the cytoplasm. And just in Endoplasmalah reticulum, ribosomes are attached mostly serves as a protein synthesis.

Golgi bodies. Golgi body or Golgi complex is often called the Golgi or even alone. Organelles are polymorphic, composed of flat bag-shaped membrane, a vessel, small bubbles, or formed like a bowl.

Golgi body functions as a protein synthesis reacted with other substances, of which reacted with glyoxylate (sugar) into glycoproteins. So in general, the function of the Golgi bodies are added glyoxylate to the protein, the secretory organelles, synthesize glikolipida, forming cell walls, and also form the lysosomes.

Lysosome. Lysosomes are organelles formed by the Golgi bodies in the form of a small bag containing the membrane hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme. These enzymes function in intracellular digestion, the digest substances that enter the cell.

Micro entities. Micro bodies are organelles that are composed of peroxisomes and glioksisom. Called micro-entities because of the size range between 0.3 to 1.5 micrometers in diameter.

Peroxisomes contain the enzyme catalase which functions describe the hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Hydrogen peroxide is a compound product of cell respiration process which is toxic.
Glioksisom produce catalase and oxidase enzymes are both involved in the metabolism of fats / lipids, which convert fat into sugar.

Mitochondria. Mitochondria are energy-producing organelles (Adenonim-TriPhospat) due to respiratory function. Diverse forms of mitochondria because of its easy to change because of the plastic properties. Some are round, oval, cylindrical, like a mace, like rackets fund some are not beraaturan shape. However, the general shape of grain and threads.

Newly formed mitochondrial growth and division of preexisting mitochondria as cleavage in bacteria.

Microtubules and Microfilaments.

Microtubules are cylindrical organelles, or pipe, which extends for 2.5 micrometers to 25 nanometers in diameter. Small tubes are composed of proteins known as tubulin. Found on spindle microtubules of cells, which form the threads that connect the two poles of the spindle cells at the time the cell divides.

Microfilaments is shaped organelles fine threads, thin lengthwise. Microfilaments are composed of two kinds of proteins, namely actin and myosin. Microfilaments abundant in muscle cells, and also form the framework of the cell. Only 5 nanometers in diameter microfilaments.

So first article, about the structure of the eukaryotic cell. Hopefully this article provides useful information for those who need.